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HMNZS Waikato (F55)
HMNZS ''Waikato'' (F55) was a Leander Batch 2TA frigate of the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN). She was one of two Leanders built for the RNZN, the other being the Batch 3 HMNZS ''Canterbury''. These two New Zealand ships relieved British ships of the Armilla patrol during the Falklands conflict, freeing British ships for deployment.
==Construction and design==
''Waikato'' was ordered in 1963 for the RNZN after a delay of more than six years after the order for the Type 12 frigates ''Otago'' and ''Taranaki'', which had proved successful in New Zealand service. There was a pressing need to replace the ageing cruiser ''Royalist'' and the RNZN's last two operational Loch-class frigates, which carried outdated sonars and anti-submarine weapons and were slow. The Navy board view was that a minimum of six frigates were required〔NZ Naval Board Report 1963〕 for protection of trade including strategic oil shipments to New Zealand, and the improved anti submarine Type 12 was considered 'eminently suited' for New Zealand conditions.〔NZ Naval Board Reports 1962 & 1963〕 Additionally, Cold War tensions were high in the aftermath of the Cuban Missile Crisis with escalating trouble in South East Asia over Vietnam and Indonesia's infiltration into Malaysia and Borneo, led the government to order a third Type 12. The actual suitability of the Leander for New Zealand was questioned by many Royal Naval officers,〔Captain John Moore. ''Jane's Naval Review 1982-3''. Janes. London (1982) and (ed)Jane's Fighting Ship 1983-84. Jane's, London(1983)〕 who regarded the Leander as a short ranged North Atlantic anti submarine hunter, designed to operate as part of the radar, air direction, anti submarine screen of the British aircraft carrier groups being phased out between 1967–71. Nevertheless, the Type 12 rode very well in a seaway,had excellent communications, a much better arranged operations room than the Rothesays, good margin for modernisation, and good workshops and carried 60 days worth of supplies, other than weapons and fuel.
Laid down in January 1964, ''Waikato'' was constructed by Harland and Wolff and was delivered in 1966, commissioning into the RNZN in September that year. Displacing 2,450 tons standard and 3,200 tons at full load, ''Waikato'' was long, had a beam of and a draught of . She was fitted with two Babcock and Wilcox boilers which delivered steam to two English Electric geared steam turbines, producing 30,000 shp to two shafts, which gave ''Waikato'' a top speed of 30 knots. Her range was at , and she had a crew of 18 officers and 248 sailors.
In terms of armament, ''Waikato'' was a fully armed Batch 2 Leander. With Mk 6 Twin 4.5 inch guns, a Seacat GWS22 point defence missile, Limbo a/s mortar and Wasp helicopter. She was identical to the Royal Navy Leanders of her group, with 965M LRAW and 177 hull and 199 Variable depth sonars, while her half sister, HMS Canterbury was a larger improved Leander, completed in 1971, with a more automated and remote controllable steam plant, a frigate potentially capable of updating with long range bow sonars and Seawolf missiles. The HMS Canterbury a similar sensor and weapons to the Waikato, because New Zealand could not afford the better screen displays and faster processing systems fitted to 1971/2 RN Leanders, and because cost margins of the last group of the Leanders were tight, it did not receive the more modern sonar and ECM/ESM of the last two RN Leanders. The Leanders were very expensive for New Zealand and the cost per ton, is just as high as their USN DE52 Knox class, which were poor seaboats. Some Royal Navy Leanders eventually carried bow sonars in the 1980s with the range of power of the DE52, and all recently refitted clean bottom Leanders and Rothesays were silenced more effectively than early 1980s Type 22 frigates,〔During the Falklands war, ARA San Luis a 209 sub, could hear the Type 22 frigates, not the steam beat of its hunter partner, HMS Yarmouth〕/
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